Atlantiküberquerung 4
2 Dezember, 2009 | Kategorie: Segeln 2009 | 74 KommentareViele werden sich fragen: Wie funktioniert das eigentlch? Die beiden sind mit einem kleinem Boot mitten am Atlantik und können trotzdem mit uns per Email in Kontakt sein. Nun das verdanken wir den Amateurfunkern, die vor einigen Jahren auf die Idee gekommen sind über die Amateurfunkfrequenzen Nachrichten in Emailform zu verschicken und eine Verbindung mit dem Internet geschaffen haben. Um diese Möglichkeit zu nutzen gibt es allerdings einen Haken, man muss die Amateurfunkprüfung ablegen, um Zugang zu bekommen. Leider haben wir auch am eigenen Leib erfahren, dass es trotzdem nicht so leicht ist, man muß sich auch nachher mit der Materie auseinandersetzen, man bekommt zwar die einzelnen Komponenten zu kaufen, doch mit dem Zusammenschließen allein ist es nicht getan. Man braucht dazu also ein Amateurfunkgerät, auch SSB Transciver genannt, ein Modem, Pactor genannt und eine Antenne und natürlich alle Verbindungen dazwischen.Natürlich auch noch die nötige Software. Wir hatten zwar von Anfang an , die nötige Hardware, aber erst nach und nach , in Gesprächen mit anderen Amateurfunkern, hat sich gezeigt, das bei uns eine wichtige Komponente nicht funktioniert hat, das war unsere Antenne. Unser isoliertes Achterstag war geeignet, doch die Erdung über den Antennentuner, das ist ein Gerät der die Antenne automatisch an die einzelnen Wellenlängen anpasst, war nicht in Ordnung. Erst nach mehreren Verbesserungen hat es dann endlich geklappt.
Aber wie funktioniert es nun im Einzelnen. Da die einzelnen Wellenlängen verschiedene Ausbreitungsbedingungen brauchen, hat sich bei uns das Funken auf den bevorzugten Frequenzen auf dem 20, 30, 40 und 80 m Band folgendes bewährt. Nach Sonnenaufgang schwenke ich unsere Solarpaneele Richtung Osten, dadurch kommt mehr Strom herein und die Paneele werden vom isoliertem Achterstag soweit weggeschwenkt, dass sie keinen negativen Auswirkungen auf den Funkverkehr haben. Dann bereite ich die mails, bzw, die Anforderung für den aktuellen Wetterbericht am Laptop im Batteriebetrieb vor. Da brauche ich so ca. eine halbe Stunde. Danach schalte ich das Funkgerät und das Pactormodem ein und suche mir über das Propagation Fenster des von uns verwendeten Airmail Programms geeignete Stationen und Frequenzen. Derzeit haben ich fünf Stationen in Verwendung, Halifax, Kanada; Lasw Palmas, Gran Canaria; Faial, Azoren; Trinidad, Trinidad und Tobago; sowie St Thomas, amerikanische Jungferninseln. Normalerweise geht es jetzt recht schnell, eine freie Station zu finden. Das Airmailprogramm steuert über das Pactormodem das Funkgerät automatisch, man klickt also einfach die gewünschte Station an, hört sich das Rauschen auf der Frequenz an, ob nicht vieleicht gerade wer anderer die Frequenz benutzt, dann beginnt man selber zu senden, ebenfalls nur ein Mausklick. Das Pactormodem versucht jetzt mit der Gegenstation Kontakt aufzunehmen, kann eine Verbindung aufgebaut werden, beginnt die Übertragung der vorbereiteten Mails. Anschließend werden die für uns vorliegenden Mails übertragen. Die liegen auf einer zentralen Stelle bereit, es ist egal über welche Station man Kontakt aufnimmt. Diese Mails werden nun ebenfalls übertragen. Danach schalte ich das Funkgerät und das Modem ab, stecke den Computer ans Bordnetz an, damit er sich wieder auflädt. Jetz ist das Highlight des Tages. Ich lese Sabina unsere eingegangenen mails vor, meistens zwei oder drei. Wenn die Übertragungsgeschwindigkeit gut war, bereite ich für Martin fallweise noch ein kleines Bild für die Homepage vor und schreibe kleine Antworten auf die eingegangenen Mails. Der zweite Verbindungsaufbau ist schon etwas schwieriger, da ja hinter uns 250 boot der ARC über den Atlantik segeln und viele natürlich das gleiche System an Bord haben, deswegen ist es jetzt schwieriger eine freie Frequenz zu finden, das kann schon mal eine viertel Stunde dauern. Nach dem neuerlichen Verbindungsaufbau werden unsere Antworten verschickt, anschließend kommen die beim ersten Funkkontakt angeforderten Gribfiles( Wetterdaten mit Windrichtung und Windstärke) herein. So das wars, eineinhalb bis zwei Stunden sind nun um, wenn die Sonne brav scheint, steht am nächsten Morgen ein aufgeladener Laptop für eine neuen Durchgang bereit.
Die Bilder zeigen unten das Funkgerät oben das Pactormodem, bzw das Terminalprogramm und das offene Propagationfenster unten, je grüner das Kästchen umso besser die Funkverbindung.
Position gestern: N 14° 48′ W 042°21’noch 1120nm
Gerde ist das Gps auf unter 1000 noch zu fahrende Meilen gesprungen.
Funkgerät und Pactor-Modem
Terminal-Programm für den E-Mail-Funk
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